What it is
USTC's Zuchongzhi 3.0 is a superconducting quantum processor with 105 qubits operating at high fidelity, including 99.62% two-qubit gate fidelity. Running random circuit sampling on 83 qubits over 32 cycles, it drew a million samples in a few hundred seconds. The team estimates the same task would take the Frontier supercomputer about 5.9 billion years to reproduce, placing the classical simulation cost six orders of magnitude beyond Google's earlier Sycamore experiments.
Why it matters
Random circuit sampling is the canonical stress test for quantum computational advantage, and classical algorithms had been steadily eroding earlier claims. By moving the classical simulation cost six orders of magnitude beyond the prior Google benchmark, Zuchongzhi 3.0 restores a wide, defensible margin. The combination of 105 qubits and 99.62% two-qubit fidelity is what makes deeper circuits samplable before noise washes out the signal.
Underlined numbers link to their source. Every metric and quoted figure is listed under Sources and data below.
Filed underquantum computing, superconducting qubits, quantum advantage, random circuit sampling, USTC